Organizationality and alterity: looking for signs of organizing in an online community of practice

Authors

  • Richard Longman University of the West of England, Bristol

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.pij.8.2.5

Keywords:

organizationality, alterity, community of practice, alternative organizing, Teal organizing

Abstract

This article develops an understanding of how we might better theorise alternatives outside of formal organizations through an attention to the interplay between identity and alterity. Reporting on a netnography of an online community of practice, the article presents four qualitative markers that signal the importance of alterity to theorising alternatives outside of formal organizations. The principal contribution of this article lies in how it extends the growing literature on organizationality to incorporate empirical findings pertaining to this alternative organizational setting. It builds on extant work that argues organizationality is accomplished through identity claims to draw attention to the importance of ‘alterity claims’. It looks for signs of organizing in an online community of practice and, through what is found, demonstrates how alternative approaches demand we reconsider the implications of our habitual theorizing of organizing outside of formal organizations. It argues that an attentiveness to ‘alterity claims’ helps us can help us to better theorise alternative organizational practices and subjectivities.

References

Acquier, A., Daudigeos, T., Pinkse, J. (2017) “Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy: An organizing framework”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125: 1-10.

Ahrne, G., Brunsson, N. (2011) “Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization”, Organization, 18 (1): 83-104.

Akkerman, S., Petter, C., de Laat, M. (2008) “Organising communities‐of‐practice: Facilitating emergence”, Journal of Workplace Learning, 20 (6): 383-399.

Alves, C.D., Cavalhieri, K.E. (2021) ‘Mongering Is a Weird Life Sometimes’: Discourse Analysis of a Sex Buyer Online Community, Violence Against Women, 27 (9), 1448-1474.

Alvesson, M., Sköldberg, K. (2000) Reflexive methodology, London: Sage.

Amit, V., Rapport, N. (2002) The trouble with community: anthropological reflections on movement, identity and collectivity, London: Pluto Press.

Apelt, M., Besio, C., Corsi, G., et al. (2017) “Resurrecting Organization without Renouncing Society: A Response to Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl”, European Management Journal, 35 (1): 8-14.

Banks, H. J., Walling, C., Loth, J. (2022) “There and (not quite) back again: A theatre and performance instructional team’s journey through COVID-19 in Australia”, Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 21 (3): 263-284.

Bartel, C., Dutton, J. (2001) “Ambiguous organizational memberships: Constructing organizational identities”, In Social Identity Processes in Organizational Contexts, Hogg and Terry (eds), pp. 115-130, Philadelphia: Psychology Press.

Baudrillard, J., Guillaume, M. (2008) Radical alterity (trans. A. Hodges, 2008), Cambridge: MIT Press.

Beck, D., Cowan, C. (1996) Spiral dynamics, Oxford: Blackwell.

Bernstein, E., Bunch, J., Canner, N., Lee, M. (2016) “Beyond the Holacracy hype”, Harvard Business Review, 94 (7/8): 38-49.

Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G., Mol, M. (2008) “Management innovation”, Academy of Management Review, 33 (4): 825-845.

Blagoev, B., Costas, J., Kärreman, D. (2019) “‘We are all herd animals’: Community and organizationality in coworking spaces”, Organization, 26 (6): 894-916.

Bloch, E. (1968) “Man as possibility”, CrossCurrents, 18 (3): 273-283.

Böhm, S., Sullivan, S., Reyes, O. (2005) “The organisation and politics of social forums”, ephemera, 58 (2): 98-101.

Boven, D.T. (2014) ‘I'm Not Much of an Expert, Myself’: Situated Learning in an Informal Online Community of Practice, E-Learning and Digital Media, 11 (3): 250-262.

Brown A.D. (2017) “Identity work and organizational identification”, International Journal of Management Reviews 19 (3): 296–317

Brown, A.D. (2019) “Identities in organization studies”, Organization Studies, 40 (1): 7-22.

Brown, A.D. (2021) “Identities in and around organizations: Towards an identity work perspective”, Human Relations, 75 (7): 1205-1237.

Burrell, G. (1992) “The organization of pleasure”, In Critical Management Studies, Alvesson and Willmott (eds), pp. 66-89, London: Sage.

Burrell, G., Dale, K. (2002) “Utopiary: utopias, gardens and organization”, The Sociological Review, 50 (1_suppl): pp. 106-127.

Cunliffe, A. (2018) “Alterity: the passion, politics, and ethics of self and scholarship”, Management Learning, 49 (1): 8-22.

Czarniawska, B. (2007) Shadowing, Copenhagen: CBS Press.

Czarniawska, B. (2008a) “Organizing: how to study it and how to write about it”, Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 3 (1): 4–20.

Czarniawska, B. (2008b) “Alterity/identity interplay in image construction”, In The Sage Handbook of New Approaches in Management and Organization, Barry and Hansen (eds) pp. 49-62, London: Sage.

Dahl, D.E. (2001) Originary passivity: Selfhood and alterity in Ricoeur and Levinas, unpublished Master’s Thesis, Canada: University of Guelph.

Dobusch, L., Schoeneborn, D. (2015) “Fluidity, identity, and organizationality: the communicative constitution of Anonymous”, Journal of Management Studies, 52 (8): 1005-1035.

Dunbar, R., Starbuck, W. (2006) “Learning to design organizations and learning from designing them”, Organization Science, 17 (2): 171-178.

Dunford, R., Cuganesan, S., Grant, D., Palmer, I., Beaumont, R., Steele, C. (2013) “‘Flexibility’ as the rationale for organizational change: a discourse perspective”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26 (1): 83-97.

Endrissat, N., Islam, G. (2022) “Hackathons as Affective Circuits: Technology, organizationality and affect”, Organization Studies, 43 (7): 1019-1047.

Escobar-Sierra, M., Calderón-Valencia, F. (2021) “Applying Alterity or Otherness as an Organizational Tool: The Case of Avocado—the New Green Gold of the Colombian Economy”, Change Management: An International Journal, 21 (1): 1-17.

Eury, J.L., Kreiner, G.E., Treviño, L.K., Gioia, D.A. (2018) “The past is not dead: Legacy identification and alumni ambivalence in the wake of the Sandusky scandal at Penn State”, Academy of Management Journal, 61 (3): 826-856.

Fairtlough, G. (1994) “Organizing for innovation: compartments, competences and networks”, Long Range Planning, 27 (3): 88-97.

Fletcher, J. (2014) “Social communities in a knowledge enabling organizational context: Interaction and relational engagement in a community of practice and a micro-community of knowledge”, Discourse and Communication, 8 (4): 351-369.

Gecas, V. (1982) “The self-concept”, Annual Review of Sociology, 8: 1-33.

Geertz, C. (1973) The interpretation of cultures, New York: Basic Books.

Gelles, D. (2015) “At Zappos, pushing shoes and a vision”, New York Times [online]. Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/business/at-zappos-selling-shoes-and-a-vision.html, last access on 17 July 2020.

Ghoshal, S., Bartlett, C., (1999) The individualized corporation, New York: Harper Collins.

Gioia, D., Corley, K., Hamilton, A. (2013) “Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: notes on the Gioia methodology”, Organizational Research Methods, 16 (1): 15-31.

Giordano, M.J. (2022) “Legitimate Peripheral Participation by Novices in a Dungeons and Dragons Community”, Simulation and Gaming, 53 (5): 446-469.

Goldman, S., Nagel, R., Preiss, K. (1995) Agile competitors and virtual organizations, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Greenwood, R., Miller, D. (2010) “Tackling design anew: getting back to the heart of organizational theory”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 24 (4): 78-88.

Guma, T., Drinkwater, S., Dafydd Jones, R. (2022) “Communities of/for interest: Revisiting the role of migrants’ online groups”, Sociology, online first.

Hakala, H., Niemi, L., Kohtamäki, M. (2017) “Online brand community practices and the construction of brand legitimacy”, Marketing Theory, 17 (4): 537-558.

Handy, C. (1993) “Balancing corporate power: a new federalist paper”, Harvard Business Review, 70 (6): 59-72.

Hara, N. (2008) “Communities of practice: Fostering peer-to-peer learning and informal knowledge sharing in the workplace”, Springer Science and Business Media (vol. 13).

Heckscher, C., Donnellon, A. (eds) (1994) The post-bureaucratic organization, London: Sage.

Holmlund, M., Tähtinen, J., Ryan, A. (2016) “The NoRD as a community of practice in research”, Marketing Theory, 16 (2): 269-271.

Iannacci, F. (2005) “Coordination processes in open source software development: the Linux case study”, Emergence: Complexity and Organization, 7 (2): 21-31.

Iverson, J.O., McPhee, R.D. (2002) “Knowledge management in communities of practice: Being true to the communicative character of knowledge”, Management Communication Quarterly, 16 (2): 259-266.

Jemielniak, D. (2014) Common knowledge?: An ethnography of Wikipedia, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Jorgensen, D. (1989) Participant observation, Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Karmowska, J., Child, J., James, P. (2017) “A contingency analysis of precarious organizational temporariness”, British Journal of Management, 28 (2): 213-230.

King, B.G., Felin, T., Whetten, D.A. (2010) “Finding the organization in organizational theory: A meta-theory of the organization as a social actor”, Organization Science, 21: 290–305.

Knights, D., Clarke, C.A. (2017) “Pushing the boundaries of amnesia and myopia: A critical review of the literature on identity in management and organization studies”, International Journal of Management Reviews, 19 (3): 337-356.

Koenig, C., Thiétart, R. (1990) “The mutual organization”, In The Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, Loveridge and Pitt (eds) pp. 157-181, Chichester: Wiley.

Kozinets, R. (2015) Netnography: Redefined, London: Sage.

Laaksonen, S.M., Porttikivi, M. (2021) “Governing with conversation culture–conditioning organizational interaction in a digital social movement”, Information, Communication and Society, 25 (10): 1456-1474.

Laloux, F. (2014) Reinventing Organizations, Brussels: Nelson Parker.

Lanzara, G. (1998) “Self-destructive processes in institution building and some modest countervailing mechanisms”, European Journal of Political Research, 33: 1-39.

Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991) Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lee, J., Lee, C.S. (2022) ‘You betrayed us’: Ethnic celebrity gossip in diasporic women’s online communities, Convergence, 28 (3): 613-628.

Lévinas, E. (1998) Entre Nous (trans. M. Smith and B. Harshav), New York: Columbia University Press.

Lewin, A., Volberda, H. (1999) “Prolegomena on coevolution: a framework for research on strategy and new organizational forms”, Organization Science, 10 (5): 519-534.

Lewin, A., Long, C., Carroll, T. (1999) “The coevolution of new organizational forms”, Organization Science, 10 (5): 535-550.

Maeckelbergh, M. (2009) The will of the many, London: Pluto Press.

Martela, F. (2019) “What makes self-managing organizations novel? Comparing how Weberian bureaucracy, Mintzberg’s adhocracy, and self-organizing solve six fundamental problems of organizing”, Journal of Organization Design, 8 (1): 1-23.

Miles, R., Snow, C., Mathews, J., Miles, G., Coleman, Jr H. (1997) “Organizing in the knowledge age: anticipating the cellular form”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 11 (4): 7-20.

Nonaka, I., Toyama, R. (2007) “Why do firms differ?” In, Knowledge creation and management, Ichijo and Nonaka (eds) pp. 13-31, Oxford: OUP.

Pache, A., Santos, F. (2013) “Inside the hybrid organization: selective coupling as a response to competing institutional logics”, Academy of Management Journal, 56 (4): 972-1001.

Palmer, I., Benveniste, J., Dunford, R. (2007) “New organizational forms: towards a generative dialogue”, Organization Studies, 28 (12): 1829-1847.

Park, E., Rishika, R., Janakiraman, R., Houston, M. B., Yoo, B. (2018) “Social dollars in online communities: The effect of product, user, and network characteristics”, Journal of Marketing, 82 (1), 93-114.

Parker, M., Stoborod, K., Swann, T. (eds) (2020) Anarchism, organization and management: Critical perspectives for students, Abingdon: Routledge.

Peltonen, T., Gaggiotti, H., Case, P. (eds) (2018) Origins of organizing, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Pullen, A. (2007) “Introduction: You, me, us and identity. Introducing Exploring Identity”, In Exploring Identity: Concepts and Methods, Pullen et al. (eds), pp. 1-25, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Pyrko, I., Dörfler, V., Eden, C. (2017) “Thinking together: what makes communities of practice work?”, Human Relations, 70 (4): 389-409.

Rau, T.J. (2021) Who decides who decides? How to start a group so everyone can have a voice, Amhurst: Sociocracy for All.

Rau, T.J., Koch-Gonzalez, J. (2018) Many voices, one song, Amhurst: Sociocracy for All.

Reedy, P., Learmonth, M. (2009) “Other possibilities? The contribution to management education of alternative organizations”, Management Learning, 40 (3): 241-258.

Reedy, P., King, D., Coupland, C. (2016) “Organizing for individuation: alternative organizing, politics and new identities”, Organization Studies, 37 (11): 1553-1573.

Reinl, L., Owens, E., Kelliher, F., Harrington, D. (2015) “Facilitating cross-border rural micro-firm knowledge exchange: A community of practice perspective”, The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 16 (3): 183-195.

Robertson, B. (2015) Holacracy, New York: Penguin.

Schoeneborn, D., Kuhn, T.R., Kärreman, D. (2019) “The communicative constitution of organization, organizing, and organizationality”, Organization Studies, 40 (4): 475-496.

Schreyögg, G., Sydow, J. (2010) “Crossroads—organizing for fluidity? Dilemmas of new organizational forms”, Organization Science, 21 (6): 1251-1262.

Searle, J.R. (1969) Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Skovgaard-Smith, I., Soekijad, M., Down, S. (2020) “The Other side of ‘us’: Alterity construction and identification work in the context of planned change”, Human Relations, 73 (11): 1583-1606.

Smith, W.R. (2021) “On Relationality and Organizationality: Degrees of durability, materiality, and communicatively constituting a fluid social collective”, Organization Studies, online first.

Spivak, G. (1988) “Can the subaltern speak?”, In Marxism and the interpretation of culture, Nelson and Grossberg (eds) pp. 271–313, Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

Spivak, G. (1989) “Who claims alterity?”, available at: http://theoria.art-zoo.com/who-claims-alterity-gayatri-chakravorti-spivak/, last access on 24 May 2019.

Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Thomas, R., Sargent, L., Hardy, C. (2011) “Managing organizational change: negotiating meaning and power-resistance relations”, Organization Science, 22 (1): 22-41.

Thompson, P., Žižek, S. (eds) (2014) The Privatization of Hope: Ernst Bloch and the Future of Utopia, Durham: Duke University Press.

Volberda, H. (1996) “Toward the flexible form: how to remain vital in hypercompetitive environments”, Organization Science, 7 (4): 359-374.

Walsh, J., Meyer, A., Schoonhoven, C. (2006) “A future for organization theory: living in and living with changing organizations”, Organization Science 17 (5): 657-671.

Wang, L., Helms, W.S., Li, W. (2020) “Tapping into agglomeration benefits by engaging in a community of practice”, Strategic Organization, 18 (4): 617-644.

Wenger, E., McDermott, R., Snyder, W. (2002) Cultivating Communities of Practice, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Wilber, K. (2000) A theory of everything, Boulder: Shambhala Publications.

Wilhoit, E., Kisselburgh, L. (2015) “Collective action without organization: The material constitution of bike commuters as collective”, Organization Studies, 36 (5): 573-592.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-01

How to Cite

Longman, R. (2023). Organizationality and alterity: looking for signs of organizing in an online community of practice. puntOorg International Journal, 8(2), 222-248. https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.pij.8.2.5